guides

How to Establish a Simple Joint-Stock Company (PSA) in Poland: A Step-by-Step Guide for Entrepreneurs

ByCezary Tauber 31 March, 202531 March, 2025

The Simple Joint-Stock Company (Prosta Spółka Akcyjna, PSA) is an innovative legal structure that has revolutionized the Polish capital market. Designed with startups and innovative enterprises in mind, the PSA offers flexibility and simplifications that are crucial in today’s rapidly changing business environment. Importantly, a PSA can be established by even a single shareholder, which…

trends

Financing Deep Tech: Strategies for Funding Long-Horizon Innovation

ByCezary Tauber 28 March, 202528 March, 2025

Deep tech – breakthrough technologies rooted in advanced science and engineering, such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, quantum computing, and clean energy – promises to reshape the world. Yet, bringing these innovations to life is no small feat. With development cycles stretching 7-15 years, staggering R&D costs, and uncertain market adoption, deep tech defies the fast-return…